When materials absorb moisture they expand to some degree.  A more porous material will expand more than a less porous material.  Those materials will also expand from heat. So the material can go through wet/dry cycles and hot/cold cycles which in effect are expansion and contraction cycles.  That is why the industry standards for tile is to have movement joints (also known as expansion or control joints).  For interior applications movement joints should be placed every 20 to 25 feet in each direction.  For exterior applications they should be placed every 8 to 12 feet in each direction.  In all applications there should be movement joints at the perimeter of rooms or at restraining surfaces.  These joints are to be filled with a special type of pliable sealant (caulking) that meets ASTM C920 requirements.

I wouldn't expect that the limited moisture from the chemicals used to clean a floor would penetrate very far into the tile body or substrate.  Although we find when a tile buckles/tents there are compounding deficiencies that lead to that condition.  Your floor probably doesn't have movement joints to mitigate movement.  Chances are the tile isn't bonded as well as it should be to its substrate; that could be for a variety of reasons.  And the cleaning process with all of the equipment, water, and traffic might have caused enough stress to the deficient floor that it was the straw that broke the camel's back.

As far as what you can do about the buckled floor?  It would be necessary for a company, such as ours, to perform an investigation by removing some of the tiles of various conditions to determine what caused the tile to debond.  It would be determined whether the problems are isolated and can be repaired or whether the entire floor would need replacing.   Depending on your situation, it may or may not be practical for you to spend the money to have this investigation performed since it can cost several thousand dollars to do so.  Good luck with your situation.